Cockpit: the authentic punch STENCIL-CUT -- all 8 cockpits real (task #55)

The user caught the inversion (blocked viewports, see-through frames); the
answer came from the rasterizer board itself: an i860 disassembly of the
VREND.MNG firmware decoded the damageize handler (@0xf040f6f8) -- cmd 0x20
(vr_damage_action) writes the dpl_Punchize token triple onto the punch
geogroup's first three geometry chunks IN FILE ORDER:

  chunk1 = the detailed window-aperture shapes -> an invisible per-pixel MASK
  chunk2 = the coarse hull -> the ONLY colour-drawn geometry (where not masked)
  chunk3 = byte-identical hull twin -> the damage-reset record, never visible

Visible canopy = hull-minus-apertures.  Both earlier readings were wrong ways
around the same three chunks: dropping all punch left floating fragments (no
hull); hiding the duplicate pair hid the HULL and drew the MASK -- the exact
inversion observed.

Port: bgfload tags per punch patch {non-paired pmesh = mask (role 1),
first twin = hull (role 2), second twin = skip}; L4D3D DrawMesh runs
mask->stencil-1 (no colour/z-write, z-tested), hull->stencil-NOTEQUAL,
mask->stencil-0; device D24X8 -> D24S8 + stencil clear.  The cut never
touches z, so later-drawn entities show through the apertures.
BT_COP_PLATES=1 disables (diag).

In-game, all 8 mechs on pure defaults: connected dark frames with clear
viewports -- thor (the footage mech) shows the central viewport + surrounding
frame exactly as filmed.  Combat regression clean (kill + no NaN).

Arena textured punch uses the same firmware kit; the black-texel alpha path
there is a working approximation, flagged in the KB.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

context/bgf-format.md

@@ -48,15 +48,15 @@ LOD whose band contains the camera distance.
   sibling `dpl_Damagize` FUN_004902b0 uses the same cmd with a different triple). Two cases: [T1]
   - **Textured** punch (arena walls/catwalks): black texels = HOLES (alpha-test in the opaque
     pass). Coplanar shells inside one LOD z-fight → depth-bias by submission ordinal. [T2]
-  - **Texture-less** punch (the `*_cop` cockpit canopies: blakskn + `softer` ramp, NO texture tag
+  - **FINAL mechanism (i860 VREND.MNG firmware, decoded 2026-07-11): a punch geogroup is a
-    in the BMF — byte-verified, 238-byte BLXSKIN.BMF): **the PUNCH-tagged patches ARE the
+    THREE-CHUNK STENCIL-CUT KIT** -- in file order: aperture MASK (invisible per-pixel cutout),
-    transparent WINDOWS** (the whole tagged geogroup renders as holes); the visible frame is only
+    visible HULL (the only colour-drawn chunk, drawn where not masked), byte-identical hull TWIN
-    the NON-punch geometry, itself an open strut lattice rendered single-sided with per-face
+    (the damage-reset record, never visible).  Visible result = hull-minus-apertures.  Applies
-    INWARD winding (the l/r torso patches are MIRRORED, so no single global winding works).
+    to cockpit canopies, arena punch (AR02 etc.) and outside-torso punch (VUX_TOR) alike -- the
-    Verified by rendering every shell from its mech's AUTHORED eye (SKL [jointeye]) — the punch
+    port's arena "black texels = holes" alpha-test path is a visual approximation that predates
-    panes sit exactly over the window apertures in all 8 mechs; all-punch canopies
+    this decode (works; revisit for exactness).  Port: bgfload punch-kit roles + the L4D3D
-    (bhk1/loki/vulture/avatar) are authentically FRAMELESS. The old "canopy windows are punch
+    stencil cut (D24S8).  See [[cockpit-view]] + [[decomp-reference]] for firmware addresses.
-    texels" claim was WRONG — there is no texel to key. See [[cockpit-view]]. [T2 in-game, all 8]
+    [T1 mechanism / T2 render-verified all 8 cockpits]
 
 ## Shading model (from libDPL DPLTYPES.H)
 Shading is selected PER-GEOMETRY by vertex type:

context/cockpit-view.md

@@ -88,17 +88,21 @@ inverse(eyeWorld)`. No LookAt anywhere.
   (pos=(0.1,0.15,0.1), neg=(−0.1,−0.15,−0.1) — same for madcat AND bhk1) → the eye equilibrium
   is (0,0,0) and the clamps limit gyro motion to ±0.1..0.15u. The gyro is a BOUNCE/sway
   mechanism, NOT a large steady offset. The authentic resting eye = raw baseOffset for every mech.
-- **RESOLVED (2026-07-11): the PUNCH patches are the transparent WINDOWS.** Rendering every
+- **FINAL (2026-07-11, i860-firmware-decoded): PUNCH is a three-chunk STENCIL-CUT KIT.** The
-  shell OFFLINE from its mech's AUTHORED eye (scratchpad/cop_eyeview.py, faces coloured by punch
+  VREND.MNG board firmware's 'damageize' handler (@0xf040f6f8, disassembled with a custom i860
-  flag) showed the punch panes sitting exactly over the window apertures in all 8 mechs, with the
+  tool) writes the dpl_Punchize token triple {dmg_set, undmg2enbl|texture, dmg_clear} onto the
-  visible frame = ONLY the non-punch geometry.  The loader now DROPS the punch batches of `_cop`
+  punch geogroup's first three geometry chunks IN FILE ORDER: chunk1 = the detailed
-  meshes (bgfload finish(), `BT_COP_KEEPPUNCH=1` keeps them for diag).  In-game sweep on pure
+  window-aperture shapes = an invisible per-pixel MASK; chunk2 = the coarse HULL = the ONLY
-  defaults, all 8 mechs [T2]: **madcat** = the dark dome frame (matches footage); **thor** =
+  colour-drawn geometry, drawn where NOT masked; chunk3 = a byte-identical hull twin = the
-  floating brace remnants (authentic; its frame bits are the small non-punch patches); **owens** =
+  damage-reset record, never visible.  The visible canopy = hull-minus-apertures.  Port:
-  dash strip; **sunder** = two side pillars; **bhk1/loki/vulture/avatar** = authentically
+  bgfload identifies the within-patch twin pair (hull + skip) and tags the non-paired pmeshes as
-  FRAMELESS (all-punch canopies — the pod showed no frame for those mechs).  NOTE: an
+  masks; L4D3D draws mask (stencil 1, no colour/z-write), hull (stencil-reject), mask (stencil 0)
-  early-session in-game test "disproving" drop-punch ran with the broken pre-inverse eye — its
+  on a D24S8 device; the cut never touches z, so later-drawn entities show through apertures.
-  conclusion was wrong and cost a detour; with the authentic eye the drop is plainly right.
+  BT_COP_PLATES=1 disables the kit (diag).  In-game, all 8 mechs on pure defaults [T2]:
+  connected dark frames with clear viewports; thor (the footage mech) shows the big central
+  viewport + surrounding frame exactly as filmed.  TWO earlier readings are superseded and were
+  WRONG: "punch patches = windows, drop them" (left floating frame fragments) and "duplicate
+  pairs = plates, hide both" (hid the HULL and drew the MASK = the inversion the user caught).
 - **Hit-bounce: LIVE and verified [T2] (2026-07-11).** The damage→gyro fan-out **FUN_004b2980**
   was re-disassembled byte-exact from the raw image (capstone; scratchpad/dis_4b2980.py) and
   reconstructed as `Gyroscope::ApplyDamageResponse` (gyro.cpp): zero-damage + Collision(0) no-op;

context/decomp-reference.md

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ reconciled via `CLASSMAP.md`, not the case label. [T1]
 | 0xBC1 | **Generator** | @4b… | power bus |
 | 0xBC2 | **PoweredSubsystem** | @004b0f74 | sizeof 0x31C |
 | 0xBC3 | **Sensor** | — | `case`=MyomersClassID |
-| 0xBC4 | **Gyroscope** | @004b3778 | DEFERRED (NaN integrator; reverted to stub) |
+| 0xBC4 | **Gyroscope** | @004b3778 | LIVE (task #56: byte-exact ctor/integrators/writers; hit-bounce fan-out wired) |
 | 0xBC5 | **Torso** | @004b6b0c | sizeof 0x280; `case`=SinkSource |
 | 0xBC6 | **Myomers** | @4b8fec | `case`=Actuator; INERT un-stub |
 | 0xBC8 | **Emitter** | @004b1d18 | sizeof 0x478; energy weapon |
@@ -188,6 +188,14 @@ recoil @4bc136-4bc19c (damage>3 → (0,0.6,−1.5) × damage/16; `gyroRumbleTime
 ex-"clipLoadGuard").  Byte tooling: `scratchpad/dis_4b2980.py` / `dis_range.py` over
 `reference/decomp/section_dump.txt`.
 
+**PUNCH firmware decode** [T1] (the definitive mechanism, 2026-07-11): cmd 0x20 =
+vr_damage_action (VR_PROT.H enum); the i860 firmware content/VREND.MNG (code @0xf0400000)
+handler 'damageize' @0xf040f6f8 writes the token triple onto the geogroup's first THREE
+geometry-list nodes' geometry_type@+8 IN FILE ORDER (superlist appends at tail @0xf040c620);
+DPL_PRIV.H names the roles: f_t_dam(0x92)/sca(0x05)/undamage(0x04)/f_t_undam(0x17)/
+damage_set(0x03).  Punchize triple = mask, hull, reset-twin -- the visible surface is the HULL
+with the MASK shapes stencil-cut through it.  Disassembler: scratchpad/i860dis.py.
+
 **Cockpit-eye / punch addresses** [T1] (full story: [[cockpit-view]]): eye ctor
 **`FUN_004579a8`** (part_007.c:9274 = DPLEyeRenderable; offset = segment `GetBaseOffset`
 segment+0x74, parent = parent-segment DCS; caller part_014.c:5525-66 gates on `"siteeyepoint"`);

engine/MUNGA_L4/L4D3D.cpp

@@ -200,6 +200,7 @@ d3d_OBJECT *d3d_OBJECT::LoadObject(LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 device, char *fileName)
 		}
 
 		object->mDrawOps[i].drawAsSky = isSky;
+		object->mDrawOps[i].copRole = 0;
 
 		if (isSky)
 		{
@@ -430,6 +431,7 @@ d3d_OBJECT* d3d_OBJECT::LoadObjectBGF(LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 device, char *fileName)
 		static int s_punch = -1;
 		if (s_punch < 0) { const char *pv = getenv("BT_PUNCH"); s_punch = (pv == 0 || pv[0] != '0') ? 1 : 0; }
 		object->mDrawOps[i].punchThrough = (s_punch && data.batches[i].punch);
+		object->mDrawOps[i].copRole = data.batches[i].copRole;	// punch stencil-cut kit (task #55)
 		object->mDrawOps[i].texture.texture = NULL;
 		object->mDrawOps[i].texture.wrap_u = L4TEXOP::REPEAT;
 		object->mDrawOps[i].texture.wrap_v = L4TEXOP::REPEAT;
@@ -1112,6 +1114,11 @@ void d3d_OBJECT::DrawMesh(int pass, const D3DXMATRIX *viewTransform, Time target
 	{
 		L4DRAWOP *drawOp = &mDrawOps[iOp];
 
+		// COCKPIT PUNCH KIT (task #55): aperture-MASK ops never draw colour --
+		// they are consumed by the FOLLOWING hull op's stencil-cut sequence.
+		if (drawOp->copRole == 1)
+			continue;
+
 		if (drawOp->alphaTest != (pass == PASS_ALPHABLEND))
 			continue;
 
@@ -1189,7 +1196,57 @@ void d3d_OBJECT::DrawMesh(int pass, const D3DXMATRIX *viewTransform, Time target
 		}
 
 		gNumBatches++;
-		if (drawOp->bgfPrimCount > 0 && mBgfVB != NULL)
+		// COCKPIT PUNCH STENCIL-CUT (task #55, the i860 'damageize' mechanism):
+		// a role-2 HULL op is preceded by its role-1 aperture-MASK op.  Sequence:
+		//   1. draw the mask stencil-only (no colour, no z-write, z-TESTED) -> ref 1
+		//   2. draw the hull with stencil-reject where ref==1 (the window cutouts)
+		//   3. re-draw the mask writing stencil 0 (clean up for other punch groups)
+		// The stencil never touches z, so entities drawn later still show through
+		// the apertures correctly.
+		const bool copCut = (drawOp->copRole == 2 && iOp > 0
+			&& mDrawOps[iOp - 1].copRole == 1
+			&& mDrawOps[iOp - 1].bgfPrimCount > 0
+			&& drawOp->bgfPrimCount > 0 && mBgfVB != NULL);
+		if (copCut)
+		{
+			L4DRAWOP *maskOp = &mDrawOps[iOp - 1];
+			mDevice->SetFVF(L4VERTEX_FVF);
+			mDevice->SetStreamSource(0, mBgfVB, 0, mBgfStride);
+			mDevice->SetIndices(mBgfIB);
+			// 1. mask -> stencil ref 1 (colour + z-write off)
+			mDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_COLORWRITEENABLE, 0);
+			mDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_ZWRITEENABLE, FALSE);
+			mDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_STENCILENABLE, TRUE);
+			mDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_STENCILFUNC, D3DCMP_ALWAYS);
+			mDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_STENCILPASS, D3DSTENCILOP_REPLACE);
+			mDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_STENCILREF, 1);
+			mDevice->DrawIndexedPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, 0, mBgfNumVerts,
+				maskOp->bgfStartIndex, maskOp->bgfPrimCount);
+			// 2. hull, stencil-rejected under the mask
+			mDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_COLORWRITEENABLE,
+				D3DCOLORWRITEENABLE_RED | D3DCOLORWRITEENABLE_GREEN |
+				D3DCOLORWRITEENABLE_BLUE | D3DCOLORWRITEENABLE_ALPHA);
+			mDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_ZWRITEENABLE, TRUE);
+			mDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_STENCILFUNC, D3DCMP_NOTEQUAL);
+			mDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_STENCILPASS, D3DSTENCILOP_KEEP);
+			mDevice->DrawIndexedPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, 0, mBgfNumVerts,
+				drawOp->bgfStartIndex, drawOp->bgfPrimCount);
+			// 3. mask again -> stencil ref 0 (clean)
+			mDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_COLORWRITEENABLE, 0);
+			mDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_ZWRITEENABLE, FALSE);
+			mDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_STENCILFUNC, D3DCMP_ALWAYS);
+			mDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_STENCILPASS, D3DSTENCILOP_REPLACE);
+			mDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_STENCILREF, 0);
+			mDevice->DrawIndexedPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, 0, mBgfNumVerts,
+				maskOp->bgfStartIndex, maskOp->bgfPrimCount);
+			// restore
+			mDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_STENCILENABLE, FALSE);
+			mDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_COLORWRITEENABLE,
+				D3DCOLORWRITEENABLE_RED | D3DCOLORWRITEENABLE_GREEN |
+				D3DCOLORWRITEENABLE_BLUE | D3DCOLORWRITEENABLE_ALPHA);
+			mDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_ZWRITEENABLE, TRUE);
+		}
+		else if (drawOp->bgfPrimCount > 0 && mBgfVB != NULL)
 		{
 			// direct-draw: known contiguous range, no attribute-table scan.
 			// (DrawSubset used to set the vertex decl itself -- assert the FVF here

engine/MUNGA_L4/L4VIDEO.cpp

@@ -2779,7 +2779,7 @@ DPLRenderer::DPLRenderer(
 	mPresentParams.PresentationInterval = D3DPRESENT_RATE_DEFAULT;
 	mPresentParams.BackBufferFormat = D3DFMT_X8R8G8B8;
 	mPresentParams.EnableAutoDepthStencil = TRUE;
-	mPresentParams.AutoDepthStencilFormat = D3DFMT_D24X8;
+	mPresentParams.AutoDepthStencilFormat = D3DFMT_D24S8;	// S8: the cockpit punch stencil-cut (task #55)
 	mPresentParams.Windowed = !fullscreen;
 	if (fullscreen)
 	{
@@ -7421,7 +7421,7 @@ void DPLRenderer::ExecuteImplementation(RendererComplexity, RendererOrigin::Inte
 
 	DWORD currentFog;
 	mDevice->GetRenderState(D3DRS_FOGCOLOR, &currentFog);
-	hr = mDevice->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET | D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER, currentFog, 1.0f, 0);
+	hr = mDevice->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET | D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER | D3DCLEAR_STENCIL, currentFog, 1.0f, 0);
 
 	hr = mDevice->BeginScene();
 

engine/MUNGA_L4/bgfload.cpp

@@ -504,7 +504,8 @@ struct Builder {
     bool currentTSphere = false;   // material is tsphere_mtl (translocation warp): ramp it despite normals
     bool meshIsTSphere = false;    // this OBJECT is the translocation warp -> smooth-tessellate the cone
     bool meshIsCop = false;        // this OBJECT is a *_cop cockpit canopy shell (task #55)
-    std::set<const void*> copPlateSkip;  // duplicate damage-plate PMESHes to hide (see TAG_PATCH)
+    std::map<const void*, int> copRoleMap;  // punch-kit roles per PMESH chunk: 1=mask 2=hull 3=skip (see TAG_PATCH)
+    int currentCopRole = 0;                 // role of the pmesh being built (consumed by buildPmesh)
     bool currentHasEmissive = false;
     float currentEmissive[3] = {0,0,0};
 
@@ -734,6 +735,7 @@ struct Builder {
             batch.lodNear = currentLodNear;
             batch.lodFar  = currentLodFar;
             batch.punch   = currentPunch;
+            batch.copRole = currentCopRole;      // punch stencil-kit role (task #55)
             batch.shadowMat = currentShadowMat;
             batch.hasEmissive = currentHasEmissive;
             for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) batch.emissive[i] = currentEmissive[i];
@@ -964,24 +966,24 @@ struct Builder {
                         if (memcmp(s + i, "PUNCH", 5) == 0) currentPunch = true;
                     if (currentPunch) break;
                 }
-                // COCKPIT DAMAGE-STATE PLATES (task #55, resolved 2026-07-11): every
+                // PUNCH STENCIL-CUT KIT (task #55, FINAL -- decoded from the i860
-                // *_cop PUNCH patch contains exactly one pair of BYTE-IDENTICAL
+                // VREND.MNG firmware 'damageize' handler @0xf040f6f8 + the dpl_Punchize
-                // duplicate PMESHes -- solid cover plates for the tricoder per-triangle
+                // token triple {dmg_set, undmg2enbl|texture, dmg_clear}): a PUNCH
-                // damage machinery (dpl_Punchize tokens = {dmg_set, undmg2enbl|texture,
+                // patch's pmeshes are, in FILE ORDER, {aperture MASK, visible HULL,
-                // dmg_clear}; TRICODER.H), NOT visible undamaged structure.  Rendering
+                // byte-identical hull TWIN}.  The board rasterizes the MASK as an
-                // them was the "solid black canopy"; hiding only whole punch patches
+                // invisible per-pixel cutout, colour-draws ONLY the HULL where not
-                // instead left disconnected floating frame bits.  Hide the duplicate
+                // masked (= the canopy frame with the window apertures cut through),
-                // pairs (both copies), render the rest of the punch lattice opaque --
+                // and keeps the TWIN as the damage-reset record (never visible).
-                // verified from every mech's authored eye (SKL [jointeye]): all 8
+                // Identify the twin pair WITHIN the patch by content hash: pair FIRST
-                // cockpits read as CONNECTED frames with window apertures.  Duplicates
+                // = the hull (role 2), pair SECOND = skipped; every non-paired pmesh
-                // are counted WITHIN the patch (BLX repeats its whole main lattice
+                // = the aperture mask (role 1; drawn stencil-only by L4D3D).
-                // ACROSS its three dz-material patches -- those must stay).
+                // BT_COP_PLATES=1 disables the kit (all pmeshes draw plain, diag).
-                // BT_COP_PLATES=1 renders the plates (diagnostic).
                 if (meshIsCop && currentPunch) {
                     static int s_plates = -1;
                     if (s_plates < 0) { const char* e = getenv("BT_COP_PLATES"); s_plates = (e && e[0] != '0') ? 1 : 0; }
                     if (!s_plates) {
                         std::map<std::pair<size_t, uint64_t>, const Chunk*> seen;
+                        bool pairFound = false;
                         for (const Chunk& ch : c.children) {
                             if (ch.id != TAG_PMESH) continue;
                             uint64_t h = 1469598103934665603ull;            // FNV-1a
@@ -990,12 +992,19 @@ struct Builder {
                             auto it = seen.find(key);
                             if (it == seen.end()) seen[key] = &ch;
                             else {
-                                copPlateSkip.insert(&ch); copPlateSkip.insert(it->second);
+                                copRoleMap[it->second] = 2;                 // hull (first twin)
+                                copRoleMap[&ch]        = 3;                 // reset record: never drawn
+                                pairFound = true;
                                 if (getenv("BT_COP_DUMP"))
-                                    fprintf(stderr, "[cop] hid duplicate plate pair (pmesh len=%u)\n",
+                                    fprintf(stderr, "[cop] punch kit: hull+twin pair (pmesh len=%u)\n",
                                             (unsigned)ch.len);
                             }
                         }
+                        if (pairFound)
+                            for (const Chunk& ch : c.children)
+                                if (ch.id == TAG_PMESH && !copRoleMap.count(&ch))
+                                    copRoleMap[&ch] = 1;                    // aperture mask
+                        // no pair -> every pmesh stays role 0 (draw plain; unexpected shape)
                     }
                 }
                 for (const Chunk& ch : c.children)
@@ -1067,7 +1076,14 @@ struct Builder {
                 for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) { currentRampLo[i] = savedRampLo[i]; currentRampHi[i] = savedRampHi[i]; }
                 break;
             }
-            case TAG_PMESH: if (copPlateSkip.count(&c)) break; buildPmesh(c); break;
+            case TAG_PMESH: {
+                auto rit = copRoleMap.find(&c);
+                currentCopRole = (rit != copRoleMap.end()) ? rit->second : 0;
+                if (currentCopRole == 3) { currentCopRole = 0; break; }     // hull twin: never drawn
+                buildPmesh(c);
+                currentCopRole = 0;
+                break;
+            }
             default: for (const Chunk& ch : c.children) collect(ch); break;
         }
     }

engine/MUNGA_L4/bgfload.h

@@ -61,6 +61,12 @@ struct BgfDrawBatch {
     // lattice: arena scaffold layers AR01-04, gratings).  Drawn SOLID they
     // shingle near-coplanar over the massing = depth-shimmer "noisy surfaces".
     bool punch = false;
+    // COCKPIT PUNCH STENCIL-CUT ROLES (task #55, decoded from the i860 VREND.MNG
+    // firmware 'damageize' handler): a PUNCH patch's three pmeshes are, in file
+    // order, {aperture MASK, visible HULL, hull twin (damage-reset record)}.
+    // 0 = normal batch; 1 = aperture mask (stencil-only, no colour/z);
+    // 2 = hull (drawn stencil-rejected under the mask = the window cutouts).
+    int copRole = 0;
     // LAYER DEPTH BIAS (additive objects): the layers contain EXACTLY-COPLANAR
     // duplicated surfaces (flush wall patches between detail + massing).  The
     // IG board resolved those deterministically (exact per-polygon plane

engine/MUNGA_L4/l4d3d.h

@@ -98,6 +98,10 @@ struct L4DRAWOP
 	// black texels were loaded with alpha 0; draw with alpha TEST in the opaque pass
 	// (z-write preserved), rejecting hole texels.
 	bool punchThrough;
+	// COCKPIT PUNCH STENCIL-CUT (task #55, i860-firmware-decoded): 0=normal,
+	// 1=aperture MASK (drawn stencil-only, paired with the following hull op),
+	// 2=HULL (drawn stencil-rejected under the mask = window cutouts).
+	int copRole;
 	// LAYER DEPTH BIAS (additive-LOD coplanar resolution; see bgfload.h): finer
 	// layers get a slightly more negative normalized-depth bias so EXACTLY-
 	// coplanar duplicated surfaces resolve to the detail layer instead of