diff --git a/restoration/source410/BT/TORSO.CPP b/restoration/source410/BT/TORSO.CPP
index bdb9bd6f..da3ca778 100644
--- a/restoration/source410/BT/TORSO.CPP
+++ b/restoration/source410/BT/TORSO.CPP
@@ -1,398 +1,514 @@
-//===========================================================================//
-// File:	torso.cpp                                                           //
-// Project: BattleTech           Brick: Mech subsystems                       //
-// Contents: Torso -- torso twist / weapon elevation                        //
-//---------------------------------------------------------------------------//
-// Copyright (C) 1995, Virtual World Entertainment, Inc.                     //
-// All Rights reserved worldwide                                             //
-// This unpublished sourcecode is PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL               //
-//===========================================================================//
-
-#include <bt.hpp>
-#pragma hdrstop
-
-#if !defined(TORSO_HPP)
-#	include <torso.hpp>
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(MECH_HPP)
-#	include <mech.hpp>
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(JOINT_HPP)
-#	include <joint.hpp>
-#endif
-
-Derivation
-	Torso::ClassDerivations(
-		PowerWatcher::ClassDerivations,
-		"Torso"
-	);
-
-//
-// The full 13-entry authentic table (ids 3..15) -- donor torso.cpp:152 with
-// binary offsets, cross-confirmed by BTL4.RES's streamed control mappings
-// binding ids 12/13 on subsystem 17.  The five command members and
-// analogTwistAxis are DIRECT WRITE DESTINATIONS for device polls
-// (L4CTRL.CPP:1936), which is why every id from 9 up must exist and be the
-// right kind of storage: id 9 short of this table landed the RIO's analog
-// stick on the motionState StateIndicator.
-//
-// SpeedOf* still point at the base rates rather than the donor's live
-// velocity accumulators (elevationVelocity/twistVelocity @0x1EC/0x1E8) --
-// those members arrive with TorsoSimulation; the authored audio watcher on
-// SpeedOfTorsoHorizontal just reads a constant until then.
-//
-const Torso::IndexEntry
-	Torso::AttributePointers[]=
-{
-	ATTRIBUTE_ENTRY(Torso, RotationOfTorsoVertical,		currentElevation),
-	ATTRIBUTE_ENTRY(Torso, RotationOfTorsoHorizontal,	currentTwist),
-	ATTRIBUTE_ENTRY(Torso, HorizontalLimitRight,		horizontalLimitRight),
-	ATTRIBUTE_ENTRY(Torso, HorizontalLimitLeft,			horizontalLimitLeft),
-	ATTRIBUTE_ENTRY(Torso, SpeedOfTorsoVertical,		baseElevationRate),
-	ATTRIBUTE_ENTRY(Torso, SpeedOfTorsoHorizontal,		baseTwistRate),
-	ATTRIBUTE_ENTRY(Torso, StickPosition,				analogTwistAxis),
-	ATTRIBUTE_ENTRY(Torso, TorsoUp,						elevateUpCommand),
-	ATTRIBUTE_ENTRY(Torso, TorsoDown,					elevateDownCommand),
-	ATTRIBUTE_ENTRY(Torso, TorsoLeft,					twistLeftCommand),
-	ATTRIBUTE_ENTRY(Torso, TorsoRight,					twistRightCommand),
-	ATTRIBUTE_ENTRY(Torso, TorsoCenter,					centerCommand),
-	ATTRIBUTE_ENTRY(Torso, MotionState,					motionState)
-};
-
-Torso::AttributeIndexSet
-	Torso::AttributeIndex(
-		ELEMENTS(Torso::AttributePointers),
-		Torso::AttributePointers,
-		MechSubsystem::AttributeIndex
-	);
-
-Torso::SharedData
-	Torso::DefaultData(
-		Torso::ClassDerivations,
-		Subsystem::MessageHandlers,
-		Torso::AttributeIndex,
-		Subsystem::StateCount
-	);
-
-Torso::Torso(
-	Mech				*owner,
-	int					subsystem_ID,
-	SubsystemResource	*r,
-	SharedData			&shared_data
-):
-	PowerWatcher(owner, subsystem_ID, r, shared_data)
-{
-	Check(owner);
-	Check_Pointer(r);
-
-	isDamagedCopy	= (owner->GetInstance() == Entity::ReplicantInstance);
-
-	statusFlags					= 0;
-	buttonAccelerationPerSecond	= r->buttonAccelerationPerSecond;
-	buttonAccelerationStart		= r->buttonAccelerationStartValue;
-
-	baseTwistRate		= r->horizontalRotationPerSecond * RAD_PER_DEG;
-	baseElevationRate	= r->verticalRotationPerSecond   * RAD_PER_DEG;
-	horizontalLimitRight= r->horizontalLimitRight * RAD_PER_DEG;
-	horizontalLimitLeft	= r->horizontalLimitLeft  * RAD_PER_DEG;
-	verticalLimitTop	= r->verticalLimitTop     * RAD_PER_DEG;
-	verticalLimitBottom	= r->verticalLimitBottom  * RAD_PER_DEG;
-
-	twistCenterHigh		= verticalLimitTop;
-	twistCenterLow		= verticalLimitBottom;
-	elevationCenter		= verticalLimitTop;
-	elevationHalfBottom	= verticalLimitBottom * 0.5f;
-
-	buttonRampActive	= 0;
-	buttonRamp			= 0.0f;
-	horizontalEnabled	= r->torsoHorizontalEnabled;
-
-	//
-	// The device-poll write destinations (published ids 9..14).  Zero =
-	// stick centred, no button held -- their state before the first poll.
-	//
-	elevateUpCommand	= 0;
-	elevateDownCommand	= 0;
-	twistLeftCommand	= 0;
-	twistRightCommand	= 0;
-	centerCommand		= 0;
-	recenterActive		= 0;
-
-	//
-	// Resolve the named torso-twist skeleton joints (twist body + shadow) from
-	// the mech skeleton (now live).  A mech with a fixed torso, or one whose
-	// joint name is absent from the skeleton, resolves NULL and simply never
-	// twists.
-	//
-	horizontalJointNode			= owner->ResolveJoint(r->torsoHorizontalJoint);
-	horizontalShadowJointNode	= owner->ResolveJoint(r->torsoHorizontalShadowJoint);
-
-	if (getenv("BT_MECH_LOG"))
-	{
-		DEBUG_STREAM << "[torso] horizJoint '" << r->torsoHorizontalJoint
-			<< "' -> " << (void *)horizontalJointNode;
-		if (horizontalJointNode != NULL)
-		{
-			DEBUG_STREAM << " type=" << (int)horizontalJointNode->GetJointType();
-		}
-		DEBUG_STREAM << " enabled=" << (int)horizontalEnabled << endl << flush;
-	}
-
-	currentTwist		= 0.0f;
-	currentElevation	= 0.0f;
-	analogElevationAxis	= 0.0f;
-	analogTwistAxis		= 0.0f;
-	//
-	// ELEMENTS(), never a literal.  This loop said 22 while the array was
-	// shrunk to 16 by carving the command members out of its front (5.3.68 /
-	// 5.3.71) -- 24 bytes written past the end of every Torso, on the heap,
-	// every mission.  It compiled and ran; C++ does not check.  The macro
-	// makes the next carve harmless.
-	//
-	int
-		i;
-	for (i = 0; i < (int)ELEMENTS(dynamicsState); ++i)
-	{
-		dynamicsState[i] = 0.0f;
-	}
-
-	//
-	// Install the per-frame twist/elevation Performance (the replicant copy is
-	// driven by console updates via TorsoCopySimulation instead, still staged).
-	//
-	if (owner->GetInstance() != Entity::ReplicantInstance)
-	{
-		SetPerformance(&Torso::TorsoSimulation);
-	}
-
-	Check_Fpu();
-}
-
-Torso::~Torso()
-{
-}
-
-Logical
-	Torso::TestClass(Mech &)
-{
-	return True;
-}
-
-Logical
-	Torso::TestInstance() const
-{
-	return IsDerivedFrom(ClassDerivations);
-}
-
-//
-//#############################################################################
-// TorsoSimulation -- per-frame torso twist / weapon-elevation integration.
-//
-// Slews the current elevation/twist toward the analog aim axes (written by
-// MechControlsMapper::InterpretControls) at the resource base rates, clamped to
-// the resource limits.  Authentic core (torso.cpp @004b6xxx): current += axis *
-// baseRate * dt.  APPLYING the resolved angles onto the skeleton torso/gun
-// joints (horizontalJointNode / the elevation joint) is deferred with the
-// skeleton-link + render wave; here we advance the scalar aim state (read by the
-// HUD reticle / weapon aim and, once wired, the joints).
-//#############################################################################
-//
-void
-	Torso::TorsoSimulation(Scalar time_slice)
-{
-	Check(this);
-
-	//
-	// The BUTTON COMMANDS (donor torso.cpp:557, binary @004b5cf0).  The five
-	// command members are the streamed direct mappings' write destinations --
-	// the RIO/TM twist and elevation buttons land in them as raw
-	// ControlsButton ints (positive = held).  The donor's ramp machinery is
-	// carried verbatim, including its punchline: the shipped build
-	// unconditionally overwrites the ramp with 1.0f, so the acceleration
-	// ramp is authored dead weight.  Kept because it is the binary's shape.
-	//
-	Scalar
-		twist_step = baseTwistRate * time_slice,
-		elev_step = baseElevationRate * time_slice;
-
-	//
-	// DEV HOOK BT_FORCE_TORSO=1: sweep the twist BUTTONS left/right without a
-	// hand on the RIO.  This drives the exact members the streamed direct
-	// mappings write (twistLeftCommand / twistRightCommand), so it exercises
-	// the real button path end to end -- table binding, this integrator, the
-	// skeleton joint, and the cockpit eye that rides the twist chain -- and
-	// makes the result visible on the render bridge.  The donor carries the
-	// same hook for the same reason (torso.cpp:583).
-	//
-	// Held for ~90 frames each way, matching the donor's period.
-	//
-	if (getenv("BT_FORCE_TORSO") != NULL)
-	{
-		static int
-			sweep = 0;
-
-		sweep++;
-		twistLeftCommand  = ((sweep / 90) & 1) ? 1 : 0;
-		twistRightCommand = ((sweep / 90) & 1) ? 0 : 1;
-	}
-
-	if (buttonRampActive == 0)
-	{
-		buttonRamp = buttonAccelerationStart;
-	}
-	else
-	{
-		buttonRamp += buttonAccelerationPerSecond * time_slice;
-		if (buttonRamp > 1.0f)
-		{
-			buttonRamp = 1.0f;
-		}
-		buttonRampActive = 0;
-	}
-	buttonRamp = 1.0f;	// @004b5cf0 unconditionally overwrites with 1.0f
-
-	if (elevateUpCommand > 0)
-	{
-		currentElevation += elev_step * buttonRamp;
-		if (currentElevation > verticalLimitTop)
-		{
-			currentElevation = verticalLimitTop;
-		}
-		buttonRampActive = 1;
-	}
-	if (elevateDownCommand > 0)
-	{
-		currentElevation -= elev_step * buttonRamp;
-		if (currentElevation < verticalLimitBottom)
-		{
-			currentElevation = verticalLimitBottom;
-		}
-		buttonRampActive = 1;
-	}
-
-	//
-	// Elevation (weapon pitch): slew toward the analog axis, clamp to limits.
-	//
-	currentElevation += analogElevationAxis * baseElevationRate * time_slice;
-	{
-		Scalar lo = (verticalLimitBottom < verticalLimitTop)
-			? verticalLimitBottom : verticalLimitTop;
-		Scalar hi = (verticalLimitBottom < verticalLimitTop)
-			? verticalLimitTop : verticalLimitBottom;
-		if (currentElevation < lo) currentElevation = lo;
-		if (currentElevation > hi) currentElevation = hi;
-	}
-
-	//
-	// Twist (horizontal torso rotation): only mechs with an enabled torso joint.
-	//
-	if (horizontalEnabled)
-	{
-		//
-		// Digital twist commands, then recenter, then the analog axis --
-		// the donor's order.  Twist buttons cancel a pending recenter;
-		// the centre button arms it and it slews home across frames
-		// (donor Recenter, binary @004b6918).
-		//
-		if (twistLeftCommand > 0)
-		{
-			currentTwist += twist_step * buttonRamp;
-			if (currentTwist > horizontalLimitLeft)
-			{
-				currentTwist = horizontalLimitLeft;
-			}
-			recenterActive = 0;
-			buttonRampActive = 1;
-		}
-		if (twistRightCommand > 0)
-		{
-			currentTwist -= twist_step * buttonRamp;
-			if (currentTwist < horizontalLimitRight)
-			{
-				currentTwist = horizontalLimitRight;
-			}
-			recenterActive = 0;
-			buttonRampActive = 1;
-		}
-		if (centerCommand > 0)
-		{
-			recenterActive = 1;
-			buttonRampActive = 0;
-		}
-		if (recenterActive != 0)
-		{
-			if (currentTwist > 0.0f)
-			{
-				currentTwist -= twist_step;
-				if (currentTwist < 0.0f) currentTwist = 0.0f;
-			}
-			else if (currentTwist < 0.0f)
-			{
-				currentTwist += twist_step;
-				if (currentTwist > 0.0f) currentTwist = 0.0f;
-			}
-			if (currentTwist == 0.0f)
-			{
-				recenterActive = 0;
-			}
-		}
-
-		if (getenv("BT_TORSO_LOG") != NULL)
-		{
-			static int
-				torso_tick = 0;
-
-			if ((torso_tick++ % 240) == 0)
-			{
-				DEBUG_STREAM << "[torso] twist=" << currentTwist
-					<< " elev=" << currentElevation
-					<< " cmdL=" << twistLeftCommand
-					<< " cmdR=" << twistRightCommand
-					<< " axis=" << analogTwistAxis
-					<< " rate=" << baseTwistRate
-					<< " limits=(" << horizontalLimitRight
-					<< ".." << horizontalLimitLeft << ")"
-					<< " joint=" << (horizontalJointNode != NULL ? 1 : 0)
-					<< endl << flush;
-			}
-		}
-
-		currentTwist += analogTwistAxis * baseTwistRate * time_slice;
-		Scalar lo = (horizontalLimitLeft < horizontalLimitRight)
-			? horizontalLimitLeft : horizontalLimitRight;
-		Scalar hi = (horizontalLimitLeft < horizontalLimitRight)
-			? horizontalLimitRight : horizontalLimitLeft;
-		if (currentTwist < lo) currentTwist = lo;
-		if (currentTwist > hi) currentTwist = hi;
-
-		//
-		// Push the twist onto the skeleton torso joint so the upper body rotates
-		// on the model.  Hinge joints take the scalar angle about their axis;
-		// ball joints take it as the yaw component.
-		//
-		if (horizontalJointNode != NULL)
-		{
-			Joint::JointType jt = horizontalJointNode->GetJointType();
-			if (jt == Joint::HingeXJointType
-				|| jt == Joint::HingeYJointType
-				|| jt == Joint::HingeZJointType)
-			{
-				horizontalJointNode->SetRotation(Radian(currentTwist));
-			}
-			else if (jt == Joint::BallJointType)
-			{
-				horizontalJointNode->SetRotation(EulerAngles(0.0f, currentTwist, 0.0f));
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	Check_Fpu();
-}
-
-void
-	Torso::TorsoCopySimulation(Scalar)
-{
-	Fail("Torso::TorsoCopySimulation -- torso.cpp not yet reconstructed");
-}
+//===========================================================================//
+// File:	torso.cpp                                                           //
+// Project: BattleTech           Brick: Mech subsystems                       //
+// Contents: Torso -- torso twist / weapon elevation                        //
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------//
+// Copyright (C) 1995, Virtual World Entertainment, Inc.                     //
+// All Rights reserved worldwide                                             //
+// This unpublished sourcecode is PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL               //
+//===========================================================================//
+
+#include <bt.hpp>
+#pragma hdrstop
+
+#if !defined(TORSO_HPP)
+#	include <torso.hpp>
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(MECH_HPP)
+#	include <mech.hpp>
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(JOINT_HPP)
+#	include <joint.hpp>
+#endif
+
+Derivation
+	Torso::ClassDerivations(
+		PowerWatcher::ClassDerivations,
+		"Torso"
+	);
+
+//
+// The full 13-entry authentic table (ids 3..15) -- donor torso.cpp:152 with
+// binary offsets, cross-confirmed by BTL4.RES's streamed control mappings
+// binding ids 12/13 on subsystem 17.  The five command members and
+// analogTwistAxis are DIRECT WRITE DESTINATIONS for device polls
+// (L4CTRL.CPP:1936), which is why every id from 9 up must exist and be the
+// right kind of storage: id 9 short of this table landed the RIO's analog
+// stick on the motionState StateIndicator.
+//
+// SpeedOf* still point at the base rates rather than the donor's live
+// velocity accumulators (elevationVelocity/twistVelocity @0x1EC/0x1E8) --
+// those members arrive with TorsoSimulation; the authored audio watcher on
+// SpeedOfTorsoHorizontal just reads a constant until then.
+//
+const Torso::IndexEntry
+	Torso::AttributePointers[]=
+{
+	ATTRIBUTE_ENTRY(Torso, RotationOfTorsoVertical,		currentElevation),
+	ATTRIBUTE_ENTRY(Torso, RotationOfTorsoHorizontal,	currentTwist),
+	ATTRIBUTE_ENTRY(Torso, HorizontalLimitRight,		horizontalLimitRight),
+	ATTRIBUTE_ENTRY(Torso, HorizontalLimitLeft,			horizontalLimitLeft),
+	ATTRIBUTE_ENTRY(Torso, SpeedOfTorsoVertical,		baseElevationRate),
+	ATTRIBUTE_ENTRY(Torso, SpeedOfTorsoHorizontal,		baseTwistRate),
+	ATTRIBUTE_ENTRY(Torso, StickPosition,				analogTwistAxis),
+	ATTRIBUTE_ENTRY(Torso, TorsoUp,						elevateUpCommand),
+	ATTRIBUTE_ENTRY(Torso, TorsoDown,					elevateDownCommand),
+	ATTRIBUTE_ENTRY(Torso, TorsoLeft,					twistLeftCommand),
+	ATTRIBUTE_ENTRY(Torso, TorsoRight,					twistRightCommand),
+	ATTRIBUTE_ENTRY(Torso, TorsoCenter,					centerCommand),
+	ATTRIBUTE_ENTRY(Torso, MotionState,					motionState)
+};
+
+Torso::AttributeIndexSet
+	Torso::AttributeIndex(
+		ELEMENTS(Torso::AttributePointers),
+		Torso::AttributePointers,
+		MechSubsystem::AttributeIndex
+	);
+
+Torso::SharedData
+	Torso::DefaultData(
+		Torso::ClassDerivations,
+		Subsystem::MessageHandlers,
+		Torso::AttributeIndex,
+		Subsystem::StateCount
+	);
+
+Torso::Torso(
+	Mech				*owner,
+	int					subsystem_ID,
+	SubsystemResource	*r,
+	SharedData			&shared_data
+):
+	PowerWatcher(owner, subsystem_ID, r, shared_data)
+{
+	Check(owner);
+	Check_Pointer(r);
+
+	isDamagedCopy	= (owner->GetInstance() == Entity::ReplicantInstance);
+
+	statusFlags					= 0;
+	buttonAccelerationPerSecond	= r->buttonAccelerationPerSecond;
+	buttonAccelerationStart		= r->buttonAccelerationStartValue;
+
+	baseTwistRate		= r->horizontalRotationPerSecond * RAD_PER_DEG;
+	baseElevationRate	= r->verticalRotationPerSecond   * RAD_PER_DEG;
+	horizontalLimitRight= r->horizontalLimitRight * RAD_PER_DEG;
+	horizontalLimitLeft	= r->horizontalLimitLeft  * RAD_PER_DEG;
+	verticalLimitTop	= r->verticalLimitTop     * RAD_PER_DEG;
+	verticalLimitBottom	= r->verticalLimitBottom  * RAD_PER_DEG;
+
+	twistCenterHigh		= verticalLimitTop;
+	twistCenterLow		= verticalLimitBottom;
+	elevationCenter		= verticalLimitTop;
+	elevationHalfBottom	= verticalLimitBottom * 0.5f;
+
+	buttonRampActive	= 0;
+	buttonRamp			= 0.0f;
+	horizontalEnabled	= r->torsoHorizontalEnabled;
+
+	//
+	// The device-poll write destinations (published ids 9..14).  Zero =
+	// stick centred, no button held -- their state before the first poll.
+	//
+	elevateUpCommand	= 0;
+	elevateDownCommand	= 0;
+	twistLeftCommand	= 0;
+	twistRightCommand	= 0;
+	centerCommand		= 0;
+	recenterActive		= 0;
+
+	//
+	// Resolve the named torso-twist skeleton joints (twist body + shadow) from
+	// the mech skeleton (now live).  A mech with a fixed torso, or one whose
+	// joint name is absent from the skeleton, resolves NULL and simply never
+	// twists.
+	//
+	horizontalJointNode			= owner->ResolveJoint(r->torsoHorizontalJoint);
+	horizontalShadowJointNode	= owner->ResolveJoint(r->torsoHorizontalShadowJoint);
+
+	if (getenv("BT_MECH_LOG"))
+	{
+		DEBUG_STREAM << "[torso] horizJoint '" << r->torsoHorizontalJoint
+			<< "' -> " << (void *)horizontalJointNode;
+		if (horizontalJointNode != NULL)
+		{
+			DEBUG_STREAM << " type=" << (int)horizontalJointNode->GetJointType();
+		}
+		DEBUG_STREAM << " enabled=" << (int)horizontalEnabled << endl << flush;
+	}
+
+	currentTwist		= 0.0f;
+	currentElevation	= 0.0f;
+	analogElevationAxis	= 0.0f;
+	analogTwistAxis		= 0.0f;
+	//
+	// ELEMENTS(), never a literal.  This loop said 22 while the array was
+	// shrunk to 16 by carving the command members out of its front (5.3.68 /
+	// 5.3.71) -- 24 bytes written past the end of every Torso, on the heap,
+	// every mission.  It compiled and ran; C++ does not check.  The macro
+	// makes the next carve harmless.
+	//
+	int
+		i;
+	for (i = 0; i < (int)ELEMENTS(dynamicsState); ++i)
+	{
+		dynamicsState[i] = 0.0f;
+	}
+
+	//
+	// Twist-replication state (binary @0x218/@0x21C/@0x238/@0x254) -- see the
+	// header note.  Zero until an update record stamps it.
+	//
+	targetTwist		= 0.0f;
+	twistAtUpdate	= 0.0f;
+	twistRate		= 0.0f;
+	lastUpdateTime	= 0L;
+
+	//
+	// Install the per-frame Performance.  The binary's gate @004b6b0c is
+	// (owner->simulationFlags & 0xC) == 0 && (owner->simulationFlags & 0x100)
+	// != 0 -- the master-segment flag pair seeded by the mech stream builders,
+	// which are not reconstructed yet.  [T2] Until they land, the whole
+	// watcher family mirrors that gate with the instance test (same sites:
+	// heat.cpp / powersub.cpp / gyro.cpp registrations); revisit together.
+	//
+	if (owner->GetInstance() != Entity::ReplicantInstance)
+	{
+		SetPerformance(&Torso::TorsoSimulation);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		SetPerformance(&Torso::TorsoCopySimulation);	// binary PTR @00510c1c
+	}
+
+	Check_Fpu();
+}
+
+Torso::~Torso()
+{
+}
+
+Logical
+	Torso::TestClass(Mech &)
+{
+	return True;
+}
+
+Logical
+	Torso::TestInstance() const
+{
+	return IsDerivedFrom(ClassDerivations);
+}
+
+//
+//#############################################################################
+// TorsoSimulation -- per-frame torso twist / weapon-elevation integration.
+//
+// Slews the current elevation/twist toward the analog aim axes (written by
+// MechControlsMapper::InterpretControls) at the resource base rates, clamped to
+// the resource limits.  Authentic core (torso.cpp @004b6xxx): current += axis *
+// baseRate * dt.  APPLYING the resolved angles onto the skeleton torso/gun
+// joints (horizontalJointNode / the elevation joint) is deferred with the
+// skeleton-link + render wave; here we advance the scalar aim state (read by the
+// HUD reticle / weapon aim and, once wired, the joints).
+//#############################################################################
+//
+void
+	Torso::TorsoSimulation(Scalar time_slice)
+{
+	Check(this);
+
+	//
+	// The BUTTON COMMANDS (donor torso.cpp:557, binary @004b5cf0).  The five
+	// command members are the streamed direct mappings' write destinations --
+	// the RIO/TM twist and elevation buttons land in them as raw
+	// ControlsButton ints (positive = held).  The donor's ramp machinery is
+	// carried verbatim, including its punchline: the shipped build
+	// unconditionally overwrites the ramp with 1.0f, so the acceleration
+	// ramp is authored dead weight.  Kept because it is the binary's shape.
+	//
+	Scalar
+		twist_step = baseTwistRate * time_slice,
+		elev_step = baseElevationRate * time_slice;
+
+	//
+	// DEV HOOK BT_FORCE_TORSO=1: sweep the twist BUTTONS left/right without a
+	// hand on the RIO.  This drives the exact members the streamed direct
+	// mappings write (twistLeftCommand / twistRightCommand), so it exercises
+	// the real button path end to end -- table binding, this integrator, the
+	// skeleton joint, and the cockpit eye that rides the twist chain -- and
+	// makes the result visible on the render bridge.  The donor carries the
+	// same hook for the same reason (torso.cpp:583).
+	//
+	// Held for ~90 frames each way, matching the donor's period.
+	//
+	if (getenv("BT_FORCE_TORSO") != NULL)
+	{
+		static int
+			sweep = 0;
+
+		sweep++;
+		twistLeftCommand  = ((sweep / 90) & 1) ? 1 : 0;
+		twistRightCommand = ((sweep / 90) & 1) ? 0 : 1;
+	}
+
+	if (buttonRampActive == 0)
+	{
+		buttonRamp = buttonAccelerationStart;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		buttonRamp += buttonAccelerationPerSecond * time_slice;
+		if (buttonRamp > 1.0f)
+		{
+			buttonRamp = 1.0f;
+		}
+		buttonRampActive = 0;
+	}
+	buttonRamp = 1.0f;	// @004b5cf0 unconditionally overwrites with 1.0f
+
+	if (elevateUpCommand > 0)
+	{
+		currentElevation += elev_step * buttonRamp;
+		if (currentElevation > verticalLimitTop)
+		{
+			currentElevation = verticalLimitTop;
+		}
+		buttonRampActive = 1;
+	}
+	if (elevateDownCommand > 0)
+	{
+		currentElevation -= elev_step * buttonRamp;
+		if (currentElevation < verticalLimitBottom)
+		{
+			currentElevation = verticalLimitBottom;
+		}
+		buttonRampActive = 1;
+	}
+
+	//
+	// Elevation (weapon pitch): slew toward the analog axis, clamp to limits.
+	//
+	currentElevation += analogElevationAxis * baseElevationRate * time_slice;
+	{
+		Scalar lo = (verticalLimitBottom < verticalLimitTop)
+			? verticalLimitBottom : verticalLimitTop;
+		Scalar hi = (verticalLimitBottom < verticalLimitTop)
+			? verticalLimitTop : verticalLimitBottom;
+		if (currentElevation < lo) currentElevation = lo;
+		if (currentElevation > hi) currentElevation = hi;
+	}
+
+	//
+	// Twist (horizontal torso rotation): only mechs with an enabled torso joint.
+	//
+	if (horizontalEnabled)
+	{
+		//
+		// Digital twist commands, then recenter, then the analog axis --
+		// the donor's order.  Twist buttons cancel a pending recenter;
+		// the centre button arms it and it slews home across frames
+		// (donor Recenter, binary @004b6918).
+		//
+		if (twistLeftCommand > 0)
+		{
+			currentTwist += twist_step * buttonRamp;
+			if (currentTwist > horizontalLimitLeft)
+			{
+				currentTwist = horizontalLimitLeft;
+			}
+			recenterActive = 0;
+			buttonRampActive = 1;
+		}
+		if (twistRightCommand > 0)
+		{
+			currentTwist -= twist_step * buttonRamp;
+			if (currentTwist < horizontalLimitRight)
+			{
+				currentTwist = horizontalLimitRight;
+			}
+			recenterActive = 0;
+			buttonRampActive = 1;
+		}
+		if (centerCommand > 0)
+		{
+			recenterActive = 1;
+			buttonRampActive = 0;
+		}
+		if (recenterActive != 0)
+		{
+			if (currentTwist > 0.0f)
+			{
+				currentTwist -= twist_step;
+				if (currentTwist < 0.0f) currentTwist = 0.0f;
+			}
+			else if (currentTwist < 0.0f)
+			{
+				currentTwist += twist_step;
+				if (currentTwist > 0.0f) currentTwist = 0.0f;
+			}
+			if (currentTwist == 0.0f)
+			{
+				recenterActive = 0;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (getenv("BT_TORSO_LOG") != NULL)
+		{
+			static int
+				torso_tick = 0;
+
+			if ((torso_tick++ % 240) == 0)
+			{
+				DEBUG_STREAM << "[torso] twist=" << currentTwist
+					<< " elev=" << currentElevation
+					<< " cmdL=" << twistLeftCommand
+					<< " cmdR=" << twistRightCommand
+					<< " axis=" << analogTwistAxis
+					<< " rate=" << baseTwistRate
+					<< " limits=(" << horizontalLimitRight
+					<< ".." << horizontalLimitLeft << ")"
+					<< " joint=" << (horizontalJointNode != NULL ? 1 : 0)
+					<< endl << flush;
+			}
+		}
+
+		currentTwist += analogTwistAxis * baseTwistRate * time_slice;
+		Scalar lo = (horizontalLimitLeft < horizontalLimitRight)
+			? horizontalLimitLeft : horizontalLimitRight;
+		Scalar hi = (horizontalLimitLeft < horizontalLimitRight)
+			? horizontalLimitRight : horizontalLimitLeft;
+		if (currentTwist < lo) currentTwist = lo;
+		if (currentTwist > hi) currentTwist = hi;
+
+		//
+		// Push the twist onto the skeleton torso joint so the upper body rotates
+		// on the model.  Hinge joints take the scalar angle about their axis;
+		// ball joints take it as the yaw component.
+		//
+		if (horizontalJointNode != NULL)
+		{
+			Joint::JointType jt = horizontalJointNode->GetJointType();
+			if (jt == Joint::HingeXJointType
+				|| jt == Joint::HingeYJointType
+				|| jt == Joint::HingeZJointType)
+			{
+				horizontalJointNode->SetRotation(Radian(currentTwist));
+			}
+			else if (jt == Joint::BallJointType)
+			{
+				horizontalJointNode->SetRotation(EulerAngles(0.0f, currentTwist, 0.0f));
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	Check_Fpu();
+}
+
+//
+//#############################################################################
+// ComputeTargetTwist -- binary @004b6510 (232 bytes), verified against the
+// raw decomp (part_013.c).
+//
+// Extrapolate where the master's torso should be by now.  Two time bases:
+//
+//   settled  (not a copy, or the command stamp is not ahead of the clock):
+//            elapsed = lastPerformance - lastUpdate     (this frame's window)
+//   slewing  (a copy with a command stamp still in the future):
+//            elapsed = lastUpdateTime - lastUpdate      (the command window)
+//
+// then targetTwist = twistAtUpdate + twistRate * elapsed, clamped to the
+// twist limits (left = upper bound, right = lower -- same convention as the
+// master sim).  Returns True while slewing.  Time-Time subtraction is the
+// engine's operator- (ticks delta / SystemClock::ticksPerSecond) -- the
+// decomp's DAT_0052140c divide is that operator inlined.
+//#############################################################################
+//
+Logical
+	Torso::ComputeTargetTwist()
+{
+	Check(this);
+
+	Scalar
+		elapsed;
+	Logical
+		slewing;
+
+	if (isDamagedCopy == 0 || lastUpdateTime <= lastPerformance)
+	{
+		elapsed = lastPerformance - lastUpdate;
+		slewing = False;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		elapsed = lastUpdateTime - lastUpdate;
+		slewing = True;
+	}
+
+	targetTwist = twistAtUpdate + twistRate * elapsed;
+
+	if (targetTwist > horizontalLimitLeft)
+	{
+		targetTwist = horizontalLimitLeft;
+	}
+	if (targetTwist < horizontalLimitRight)
+	{
+		targetTwist = horizontalLimitRight;
+	}
+
+	return slewing;
+}
+
+//
+//#############################################################################
+// TorsoCopySimulation -- binary @004b65f8 (188 bytes), verified against the
+// raw decomp.  The damaged-copy Performance (replicant registration in the
+// ctor): no commands, no dynamics -- just ease currentTwist onto the
+// extrapolated target.
+//
+//   settled: snap  currentTwist = targetTwist
+//   slewing: ease  currentTwist = Lerp(current, target,
+//                      dt / ((lastUpdateTime - lastPerformance) + dt))
+//            -- the remaining-time form: the ease lands exactly when the
+//            clock reaches the command stamp.
+//
+// The binary then re-clamps targetTwist (not currentTwist) with the same
+// limit pair.  NOTE two donor drifts corrected here against the decomp: the
+// ease's age term reads lastPerformance (+0x10), not lastUpdate (+0x14); and
+// the binary does NOT call the joint-write helper (@004b67ec) from the copy
+// sim -- that call in the BT411 port is a port-era addition, not 1995 code.
+//#############################################################################
+//
+void
+	Torso::TorsoCopySimulation(Scalar time_slice)
+{
+	Check(this);
+
+	if (!ComputeTargetTwist())
+	{
+		currentTwist = targetTwist;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		currentTwist =
+			Lerp(
+				currentTwist,
+				targetTwist,
+				time_slice / ((lastUpdateTime - lastPerformance) + time_slice)
+			);
+	}
+
+	if (targetTwist > horizontalLimitLeft)
+	{
+		targetTwist = horizontalLimitLeft;
+	}
+	if (targetTwist < horizontalLimitRight)
+	{
+		targetTwist = horizontalLimitRight;
+	}
+
+	Check_Fpu();
+}
diff --git a/restoration/source410/BT/TORSO.HPP b/restoration/source410/BT/TORSO.HPP
index d293e2e7..a1134315 100644
--- a/restoration/source410/BT/TORSO.HPP
+++ b/restoration/source410/BT/TORSO.HPP
@@ -1,209 +1,232 @@
-//===========================================================================//
-// File:	torso.hpp                                                           //
-// Project: BattleTech           Brick: Mech subsystems                       //
-// Contents: Torso -- the torso twist / weapon-elevation subsystem           //
-//---------------------------------------------------------------------------//
-// Copyright (C) 1995, Virtual World Entertainment, Inc.                     //
-// All Rights reserved worldwide                                             //
-// This unpublished sourcecode is PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL               //
-//===========================================================================//
-
-#if !defined(TORSO_HPP)
-#	define TORSO_HPP
-
-#	if !defined(POWERSUB_HPP)
-#		include <powersub.hpp>
-#	endif
-
-//#####################    Forward Class Declarations  #######################
-	class Mech;
-	class Joint;
-
-//###########################################################################
-//#####################   Torso Model Resource   ###########################
-//###########################################################################
-
-	struct Torso__SubsystemResource:
-		public PowerWatcher::SubsystemResource
-	{
-		Scalar	horizontalRotationPerSecond;
-		Scalar	verticalRotationPerSecond;
-		Scalar	horizontalLimitRight;
-		Scalar	horizontalLimitLeft;
-		Scalar	verticalLimitTop;
-		Scalar	verticalLimitBottom;
-		char	torsoHorizontalJoint[32];
-		char	torsoHorizontalShadowJoint[32];
-		Logical	torsoHorizontalEnabled;
-		Scalar	buttonAccelerationPerSecond;
-		Scalar	buttonAccelerationStartValue;
-	};
-
-//###########################################################################
-//###############################   Torso   ################################
-//###########################################################################
-//
-// Drives torso twist (horizontal) and weapon elevation (vertical).  The
-// tuning rates/limits come from the resource; the live twist/elevation state
-// and the resolved skeleton joints are advanced by the per-frame
-// TorsoSimulation (staged) once the Mech skeleton link is live.
-//
-	class Torso:
-		public PowerWatcher
-	{
-	public:
-		static Derivation ClassDerivations;
-		static SharedData DefaultData;
-
-		typedef void
-			(Torso::*Performance)(Scalar time_slice);
-		void
-			SetPerformance(Performance performance)
-			{
-				Check(this);
-				activePerformance = (Simulation::Performance)performance;
-			}
-
-		static Logical
-			TestClass(Mech &);
-		Logical
-			TestInstance() const;
-		Scalar
-			CurrentTwist() const		{ Check(this); return currentTwist; }
-		Scalar
-			CurrentElevation() const	{ Check(this); return currentElevation; }
-		Logical
-			GetHorizontalEnabled() const{ Check(this); return horizontalEnabled; }
-
-		//
-		// Analog aim inputs (written by MechControlsMapper::InterpretControls;
-		// consumed by TorsoSimulation to slew the twist/elevation each frame).
-		//
-		void
-			SetAnalogElevationAxis(Scalar axis)	{ Check(this); analogElevationAxis = axis; }
-		void
-			SetAnalogTwistAxis(Scalar axis)		{ Check(this); analogTwistAxis = axis; }
-
-		void
-			TorsoSimulation(Scalar time_slice);
-		void
-			TorsoCopySimulation(Scalar time_slice);
-
-	public:
-		typedef Torso__SubsystemResource SubsystemResource;
-
-		Torso(
-			Mech						*owner,
-			int							subsystem_ID,
-			SubsystemResource			*subsystem_resource,
-			SharedData					&shared_data = DefaultData
-		);
-		~Torso();
-
-	//~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-	// Attribute publication.  The shipped string pool lists this class's
-	// attribute names contiguously after the class name "Torso":
-	//
-	//     RotationOfTorsoVertical  RotationOfTorsoHorizontal
-	//     HorizontalLimitRight  HorizontalLimitLeft
-	//     SpeedOfTorsoVertical  SpeedOfTorsoHorizontal
-	//
-	// The FULL authentic table, ids 3..15, confirmed twice over: the BT411
-	// donor's decompiled enum carries these names WITH binary member offsets
-	// (torso.hpp 111-124, @0x1E4..@0x20C), and BTL4.RES's own streamed
-	// control mappings bind ids 12/13 as DIRECT button destinations on
-	// subsystem 17 = Torso (the [map] audit).
-	//
-	// An earlier revision declared "TorsoUp/Down/Left/Right/Center are
-	// MESSAGES, not attributes" and stopped at 7 entries with MotionState at
-	// id 9.  That was WRONG in a specifically nasty way: the ids are the
-	// binding key for the streamed mappings, so Thrustmaster's buttons
-	// (12/13) resolved NULL -- the boot write-fault at
-	// ControlsInstanceDirectOf<int>::Update+0xE -- and the RIO's ANALOG
-	// StickPosition (9) resolved to our motionState StateIndicator, letting
-	// every analog update from a live RIO smash a watcher-socketed object
-	// with raw floats.
-	//
-	// The chain -- PowerWatcher -> HeatWatcher -> MechSubsystem -- publishes
-	// nothing of its own, so these start at MechSubsystem::NextAttributeID.
-	//
-	public:
-		enum {
-			RotationOfTorsoVerticalAttributeID = MechSubsystem::NextAttributeID,
-			RotationOfTorsoHorizontalAttributeID,
-			HorizontalLimitRightAttributeID,
-			HorizontalLimitLeftAttributeID,
-			SpeedOfTorsoVerticalAttributeID,
-			SpeedOfTorsoHorizontalAttributeID,
-			StickPositionAttributeID,
-			TorsoUpAttributeID,
-			TorsoDownAttributeID,
-			TorsoLeftAttributeID,
-			TorsoRightAttributeID,
-			TorsoCenterAttributeID,
-			MotionStateAttributeID,
-			NextAttributeID
-		};
-
-		static const IndexEntry AttributePointers[];
-		static AttributeIndexSet AttributeIndex;
-
-	protected:
-		int		isDamagedCopy;
-		int		statusFlags;
-		Logical	horizontalEnabled;
-		Scalar	baseTwistRate;
-		Scalar	baseElevationRate;
-		Scalar	horizontalLimitRight;
-		Scalar	horizontalLimitLeft;
-		Scalar	verticalLimitTop;
-		Scalar	verticalLimitBottom;
-		Scalar	twistCenterHigh;
-		Scalar	twistCenterLow;
-		Scalar	elevationCenter;
-		Scalar	elevationHalfBottom;
-		Scalar	buttonAccelerationPerSecond;
-		Scalar	buttonAccelerationStart;
-		int		buttonRampActive;
-		Scalar	buttonRamp;
-		Joint	*horizontalJointNode;
-		Joint	*horizontalShadowJointNode;
-		Scalar	currentTwist;
-		Scalar	currentElevation;
-		Scalar	analogElevationAxis;
-		Scalar	analogTwistAxis;
-		//
-		// MUST BE A StateIndicator.  The authored watcher for a *State
-		// name is an AudioStateWatcher, which is AudioWatcherOf<StateIndicator>
-		// and whose ctor immediately runs
-		//     Cast_Object(StateIndicator*, attributePointer)->AddAudioWatcher(this)
-		// (AUDWTHR.CPP:891).  Point it at a plain int and that call goes
-		// through garbage -- the pod dies on the extender.
-		//
-		StateIndicator	motionState;	// authored watcher
-		//
-		// The five BUTTON COMMAND destinations (donor torso.hpp @0x1F8-0x208).
-		// The streamed control mappings bind these BY ID as DIRECT WRITE
-		// targets -- LBE4ControlsManager::CreateStreamedMappings registers
-		// GetAttributePointer(attributeID) as the destination a device poll
-		// writes through (L4CTRL.CPP:1936).  Carved from the front of the
-		// dynamicsState reserve so the class size is unchanged.
-		//
-		int		elevateUpCommand;
-		int		elevateDownCommand;
-		int		twistLeftCommand;
-		int		twistRightCommand;
-		int		centerCommand;
-		//
-		// Recenter latch (donor @0x268-adjacent family): armed by the centre
-		// button, cleared by a twist button or on arrival at centre.
-		//
-		int		recenterActive;
-		//
-		// Twist/elevation dynamics accumulators advanced by TorsoSimulation.
-		// Reserved until the per-frame sim is reconstructed (phase 5).
-		//
-		Scalar	dynamicsState[16];
-	};
-
-#endif
+//===========================================================================//
+// File:	torso.hpp                                                           //
+// Project: BattleTech           Brick: Mech subsystems                       //
+// Contents: Torso -- the torso twist / weapon-elevation subsystem           //
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------//
+// Copyright (C) 1995, Virtual World Entertainment, Inc.                     //
+// All Rights reserved worldwide                                             //
+// This unpublished sourcecode is PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL               //
+//===========================================================================//
+
+#if !defined(TORSO_HPP)
+#	define TORSO_HPP
+
+#	if !defined(POWERSUB_HPP)
+#		include <powersub.hpp>
+#	endif
+
+//#####################    Forward Class Declarations  #######################
+	class Mech;
+	class Joint;
+
+//###########################################################################
+//#####################   Torso Model Resource   ###########################
+//###########################################################################
+
+	struct Torso__SubsystemResource:
+		public PowerWatcher::SubsystemResource
+	{
+		Scalar	horizontalRotationPerSecond;
+		Scalar	verticalRotationPerSecond;
+		Scalar	horizontalLimitRight;
+		Scalar	horizontalLimitLeft;
+		Scalar	verticalLimitTop;
+		Scalar	verticalLimitBottom;
+		char	torsoHorizontalJoint[32];
+		char	torsoHorizontalShadowJoint[32];
+		Logical	torsoHorizontalEnabled;
+		Scalar	buttonAccelerationPerSecond;
+		Scalar	buttonAccelerationStartValue;
+	};
+
+//###########################################################################
+//###############################   Torso   ################################
+//###########################################################################
+//
+// Drives torso twist (horizontal) and weapon elevation (vertical).  The
+// tuning rates/limits come from the resource; the live twist/elevation state
+// and the resolved skeleton joints are advanced by the per-frame
+// TorsoSimulation (staged) once the Mech skeleton link is live.
+//
+	class Torso:
+		public PowerWatcher
+	{
+	public:
+		static Derivation ClassDerivations;
+		static SharedData DefaultData;
+
+		typedef void
+			(Torso::*Performance)(Scalar time_slice);
+		void
+			SetPerformance(Performance performance)
+			{
+				Check(this);
+				activePerformance = (Simulation::Performance)performance;
+			}
+
+		static Logical
+			TestClass(Mech &);
+		Logical
+			TestInstance() const;
+		Scalar
+			CurrentTwist() const		{ Check(this); return currentTwist; }
+		Scalar
+			CurrentElevation() const	{ Check(this); return currentElevation; }
+		Logical
+			GetHorizontalEnabled() const{ Check(this); return horizontalEnabled; }
+
+		//
+		// Analog aim inputs (written by MechControlsMapper::InterpretControls;
+		// consumed by TorsoSimulation to slew the twist/elevation each frame).
+		//
+		void
+			SetAnalogElevationAxis(Scalar axis)	{ Check(this); analogElevationAxis = axis; }
+		void
+			SetAnalogTwistAxis(Scalar axis)		{ Check(this); analogTwistAxis = axis; }
+
+		void
+			TorsoSimulation(Scalar time_slice);
+		//
+		// The extrapolation helper (binary @004b6510): predict targetTwist
+		// from the last update snapshot, clamp to the twist limits, return
+		// True while the copy is still slewing toward a future command time.
+		//
+		Logical
+			ComputeTargetTwist();
+
+		void
+			TorsoCopySimulation(Scalar time_slice);
+
+	public:
+		typedef Torso__SubsystemResource SubsystemResource;
+
+		Torso(
+			Mech						*owner,
+			int							subsystem_ID,
+			SubsystemResource			*subsystem_resource,
+			SharedData					&shared_data = DefaultData
+		);
+		~Torso();
+
+	//~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+	// Attribute publication.  The shipped string pool lists this class's
+	// attribute names contiguously after the class name "Torso":
+	//
+	//     RotationOfTorsoVertical  RotationOfTorsoHorizontal
+	//     HorizontalLimitRight  HorizontalLimitLeft
+	//     SpeedOfTorsoVertical  SpeedOfTorsoHorizontal
+	//
+	// The FULL authentic table, ids 3..15, confirmed twice over: the BT411
+	// donor's decompiled enum carries these names WITH binary member offsets
+	// (torso.hpp 111-124, @0x1E4..@0x20C), and BTL4.RES's own streamed
+	// control mappings bind ids 12/13 as DIRECT button destinations on
+	// subsystem 17 = Torso (the [map] audit).
+	//
+	// An earlier revision declared "TorsoUp/Down/Left/Right/Center are
+	// MESSAGES, not attributes" and stopped at 7 entries with MotionState at
+	// id 9.  That was WRONG in a specifically nasty way: the ids are the
+	// binding key for the streamed mappings, so Thrustmaster's buttons
+	// (12/13) resolved NULL -- the boot write-fault at
+	// ControlsInstanceDirectOf<int>::Update+0xE -- and the RIO's ANALOG
+	// StickPosition (9) resolved to our motionState StateIndicator, letting
+	// every analog update from a live RIO smash a watcher-socketed object
+	// with raw floats.
+	//
+	// The chain -- PowerWatcher -> HeatWatcher -> MechSubsystem -- publishes
+	// nothing of its own, so these start at MechSubsystem::NextAttributeID.
+	//
+	public:
+		enum {
+			RotationOfTorsoVerticalAttributeID = MechSubsystem::NextAttributeID,
+			RotationOfTorsoHorizontalAttributeID,
+			HorizontalLimitRightAttributeID,
+			HorizontalLimitLeftAttributeID,
+			SpeedOfTorsoVerticalAttributeID,
+			SpeedOfTorsoHorizontalAttributeID,
+			StickPositionAttributeID,
+			TorsoUpAttributeID,
+			TorsoDownAttributeID,
+			TorsoLeftAttributeID,
+			TorsoRightAttributeID,
+			TorsoCenterAttributeID,
+			MotionStateAttributeID,
+			NextAttributeID
+		};
+
+		static const IndexEntry AttributePointers[];
+		static AttributeIndexSet AttributeIndex;
+
+	protected:
+		int		isDamagedCopy;
+		int		statusFlags;
+		Logical	horizontalEnabled;
+		Scalar	baseTwistRate;
+		Scalar	baseElevationRate;
+		Scalar	horizontalLimitRight;
+		Scalar	horizontalLimitLeft;
+		Scalar	verticalLimitTop;
+		Scalar	verticalLimitBottom;
+		Scalar	twistCenterHigh;
+		Scalar	twistCenterLow;
+		Scalar	elevationCenter;
+		Scalar	elevationHalfBottom;
+		Scalar	buttonAccelerationPerSecond;
+		Scalar	buttonAccelerationStart;
+		int		buttonRampActive;
+		Scalar	buttonRamp;
+		Joint	*horizontalJointNode;
+		Joint	*horizontalShadowJointNode;
+		Scalar	currentTwist;
+		Scalar	currentElevation;
+		Scalar	analogElevationAxis;
+		Scalar	analogTwistAxis;
+		//
+		// MUST BE A StateIndicator.  The authored watcher for a *State
+		// name is an AudioStateWatcher, which is AudioWatcherOf<StateIndicator>
+		// and whose ctor immediately runs
+		//     Cast_Object(StateIndicator*, attributePointer)->AddAudioWatcher(this)
+		// (AUDWTHR.CPP:891).  Point it at a plain int and that call goes
+		// through garbage -- the pod dies on the extender.
+		//
+		StateIndicator	motionState;	// authored watcher
+		//
+		// The five BUTTON COMMAND destinations (donor torso.hpp @0x1F8-0x208).
+		// The streamed control mappings bind these BY ID as DIRECT WRITE
+		// targets -- LBE4ControlsManager::CreateStreamedMappings registers
+		// GetAttributePointer(attributeID) as the destination a device poll
+		// writes through (L4CTRL.CPP:1936).  Carved from the front of the
+		// dynamicsState reserve so the class size is unchanged.
+		//
+		int		elevateUpCommand;
+		int		elevateDownCommand;
+		int		twistLeftCommand;
+		int		twistRightCommand;
+		int		centerCommand;
+		//
+		// Recenter latch (donor @0x268-adjacent family): armed by the centre
+		// button, cleared by a twist button or on arrival at centre.
+		//
+		int		recenterActive;
+		//
+		// TWIST REPLICATION (binary @0x218/@0x21C/@0x238/@0x254) -- the
+		// damaged-copy dead-reckoning state.  A console update stamps a twist
+		// snapshot (twistAtUpdate) + rate (twistRate) + its command time
+		// (lastUpdateTime); ComputeTargetTwist extrapolates targetTwist from
+		// them and TorsoCopySimulation eases currentTwist onto it.  The
+		// UPDATE-RECORD feeders (Read/WriteUpdateRecord, torso.cpp census
+		// remainder) are still staged -- zero-init means a copy eases to
+		// centre, which is correct-by-vacuity until MP updates arrive.
+		// Carved from the dynamicsState reserve; class size unchanged.
+		//
+		Scalar	targetTwist;
+		Scalar	twistAtUpdate;
+		Scalar	twistRate;
+		Time	lastUpdateTime;
+		//
+		// Twist/elevation dynamics accumulators advanced by TorsoSimulation.
+		// Reserved until the per-frame sim is reconstructed (phase 5).
+		//
+		Scalar	dynamicsState[12];
+	};
+
+#endif
diff --git a/restoration/source410/BT/TORSO.NOTES.md b/restoration/source410/BT/TORSO.NOTES.md
index 60decba5..055d6efb 100644
--- a/restoration/source410/BT/TORSO.NOTES.md
+++ b/restoration/source410/BT/TORSO.NOTES.md
@@ -1,55 +1,93 @@
-# TORSO.CPP / .HPP — reconstruction notes
-
-`Torso` (: PowerWatcher) drives torso twist (horizontal) and weapon elevation
-(vertical). Tuning rates/limits stream from the resource
-(`horizontal/verticalRotationPerSecond`, `horizontal/verticalLimit*`,
-`torsoHorizontalEnabled`).
-
-## Reconstructed
-
-- Ctor: streams the base rates (deg→rad) + limits + `horizontalEnabled`, primes
-  `currentTwist`/`currentElevation`/analog axes to 0, and installs
-  `TorsoSimulation` as the per-frame Performance (the replicant copy is
-  console-driven via `TorsoCopySimulation`, still staged).
-- `analogElevationAxis` / `analogTwistAxis` members + `SetAnalogElevationAxis` /
-  `SetAnalogTwistAxis` setters (written by `MechControlsMapper::InterpretControls`).
-- `CurrentTwist()` / `CurrentElevation()` / `GetHorizontalEnabled()` accessors.
-- `TorsoSimulation(Scalar)` — per-frame aim integration (authentic core):
-  - `currentElevation += analogElevationAxis · baseElevationRate · dt`, clamped
-    to [verticalLimitBottom, verticalLimitTop];
-  - if `horizontalEnabled`: `currentTwist += analogTwistAxis · baseTwistRate ·
-    dt`, clamped to [horizontalLimitLeft, horizontalLimitRight].
-
-**VERIFIED** (`BT_MECH_LOG` `[mppr] torsoElev=`, forced-input `BT_FORCE_ELEV`):
-stick pitch 0.8 slews the elevation up and clamps at the authentic
-`verticalLimitTop` = 0.349 rad = **20°**. Zero Fail.
-
-## Skeleton-joint binding (2026-07-21)
-
-The twist joints are now RESOLVED and BOUND: the ctor calls
-`owner->ResolveJoint(torsoHorizontalJoint / torsoHorizontalShadowJoint)` (the
-skeleton is live — see MECH.NOTES.md), stores them as `Joint*`, and
-`TorsoSimulation` pushes `currentTwist` onto `horizontalJointNode` via
-`Joint::SetRotation` (hinge → `Radian`; ball → `EulerAngles` yaw).
-
-The bring-up TEST.EGG mech has a FIXED torso (`horizJoint=''`, `enabled=0`), so
-its twist path is inert — correctly guarded (null joint → no apply, no crash). A
-torso-twist mech drives the joint. Verified headlessly; the VISUAL rotation
-needs the renderer.
-
-## Elevation does NOT drive a gun joint (corrected 2026-07-21)
-
-Checked BT411 before reconstructing a "gun-elevation joint": no such joint
-binding exists anywhere in the authentic engine. `currentElevation` instead
-composes into `Mech::eyepointRotation` (the cockpit-eye / weapon-boresight
-pitch) — see MECH.NOTES.md "PHASE 5.3 INCREMENT 5". `TorsoSimulation` only
-needed to keep advancing the scalar state, which it already did; the missing
-piece was the CONSUMER (`Mech::Simulate`'s eyepoint composition), now
-reconstructed and verified (`torsoElev` == `eyePitch` every frame).
-
-## Deferred
-
-- HUD free-aim slew, the look-button state machine (`BTCommitLookState` /
-  `gBTLookPitch`/`gBTLookYaw` — composes with elevation into the full
-  eyepoint), `TorsoCopySimulation` (replicant console-driven aim) — still
-  staged.
+# TORSO.CPP / .HPP — reconstruction notes
+
+`Torso` (: PowerWatcher) drives torso twist (horizontal) and weapon elevation
+(vertical). Tuning rates/limits stream from the resource
+(`horizontal/verticalRotationPerSecond`, `horizontal/verticalLimit*`,
+`torsoHorizontalEnabled`).
+
+## Reconstructed
+
+- Ctor: streams the base rates (deg→rad) + limits + `horizontalEnabled`, primes
+  `currentTwist`/`currentElevation`/analog axes to 0, and installs
+  `TorsoSimulation` as the per-frame Performance (the replicant copy is
+  console-driven via `TorsoCopySimulation`, still staged).
+- `analogElevationAxis` / `analogTwistAxis` members + `SetAnalogElevationAxis` /
+  `SetAnalogTwistAxis` setters (written by `MechControlsMapper::InterpretControls`).
+- `CurrentTwist()` / `CurrentElevation()` / `GetHorizontalEnabled()` accessors.
+- `TorsoSimulation(Scalar)` — per-frame aim integration (authentic core):
+  - `currentElevation += analogElevationAxis · baseElevationRate · dt`, clamped
+    to [verticalLimitBottom, verticalLimitTop];
+  - if `horizontalEnabled`: `currentTwist += analogTwistAxis · baseTwistRate ·
+    dt`, clamped to [horizontalLimitLeft, horizontalLimitRight].
+
+**VERIFIED** (`BT_MECH_LOG` `[mppr] torsoElev=`, forced-input `BT_FORCE_ELEV`):
+stick pitch 0.8 slews the elevation up and clamps at the authentic
+`verticalLimitTop` = 0.349 rad = **20°**. Zero Fail.
+
+## Skeleton-joint binding (2026-07-21)
+
+The twist joints are now RESOLVED and BOUND: the ctor calls
+`owner->ResolveJoint(torsoHorizontalJoint / torsoHorizontalShadowJoint)` (the
+skeleton is live — see MECH.NOTES.md), stores them as `Joint*`, and
+`TorsoSimulation` pushes `currentTwist` onto `horizontalJointNode` via
+`Joint::SetRotation` (hinge → `Radian`; ball → `EulerAngles` yaw).
+
+The bring-up TEST.EGG mech has a FIXED torso (`horizJoint=''`, `enabled=0`), so
+its twist path is inert — correctly guarded (null joint → no apply, no crash). A
+torso-twist mech drives the joint. Verified headlessly; the VISUAL rotation
+needs the renderer.
+
+## Elevation does NOT drive a gun joint (corrected 2026-07-21)
+
+Checked BT411 before reconstructing a "gun-elevation joint": no such joint
+binding exists anywhere in the authentic engine. `currentElevation` instead
+composes into `Mech::eyepointRotation` (the cockpit-eye / weapon-boresight
+pitch) — see MECH.NOTES.md "PHASE 5.3 INCREMENT 5". `TorsoSimulation` only
+needed to keep advancing the scalar state, which it already did; the missing
+piece was the CONSUMER (`Mech::Simulate`'s eyepoint composition), now
+reconstructed and verified (`torsoElev` == `eyePitch` every frame).
+
+## TorsoCopySimulation + ComputeTargetTwist (2026-08-04, 5.3.114)
+
+The replicant (damaged-copy) twist path is real, verified line-by-line against
+the raw decomp (part_013.c):
+
+- `ComputeTargetTwist` @004b6510 (232B): two time bases — settled uses
+  `lastPerformance - lastUpdate` (the engine `Simulation` fields at +0x10/+0x14),
+  slewing (a copy whose command stamp `lastUpdateTime` @0x254 is ahead of the
+  clock) uses `lastUpdateTime - lastUpdate`.  `targetTwist = twistAtUpdate +
+  twistRate * elapsed`, clamped (left = upper, right = lower).  Returns the
+  slewing flag.  The decomp's `DAT_0052140c` divide is `Time::operator-`
+  (ticks / SystemClock::ticksPerSecond) inlined — NOT a hand-written
+  MsPerSecond conversion.
+- `TorsoCopySimulation` @004b65f8 (188B): settled → snap to target; slewing →
+  `Lerp(current, target, dt / ((lastUpdateTime - lastPerformance) + dt))` — the
+  remaining-time ease that lands exactly when the clock reaches the command
+  stamp.  Then the same clamp pair applied to `targetTwist` again.
+
+**Two BT411 donor drifts corrected against the decomp**: the donor's ease aged
+by `lastUpdate` (+0x14) where the binary reads `lastPerformance` (+0x10); and
+the donor calls the joint-write helper (@004b67ec) from the copy sim — the
+binary does not (port-era addition; our copy sim leaves joints to the master
+path exactly as 1995 shipped).
+
+Members carved from `dynamicsState[16]` → `[12]`: `targetTwist` @0x218,
+`twistAtUpdate` @0x21C, `twistRate` @0x238, `lastUpdateTime` @0x254 (`Time`,
+init `0L` — plain `0` is ambiguous between the long/float assignment operators
+under BC4.52).  Ctor now registers the copy Performance on replicants
+(binary PTR @00510c1c).  [T2] The registration gate mirrors the binary's
+`(owner->simulationFlags & 0xC) == 0 && (flags & 0x100) != 0` with the
+instance test, consistent with the whole watcher family, until the mech
+stream builders (which seed those flag bits) are reconstructed.
+
+**Staged feeders**: `Read/WriteUpdateRecord` (the census remainder in this TU)
+stamp `twistAtUpdate`/`twistRate`/`lastUpdateTime` from console updates.
+Zero-init means a copy eases to centre — correct-by-vacuity in single-pod,
+inert until MP replication lands.
+
+## Deferred
+
+- HUD free-aim slew, the look-button state machine (`BTCommitLookState` /
+  `gBTLookPitch`/`gBTLookYaw` — composes with elevation into the full
+  eyepoint) — still staged.
+- `Torso::Read/WriteUpdateRecord` — the copy sim's update feeders (see above).