riojoy/docs/PLAN.md

RIOJoy — modernization plan

Modernize the cockpit RIO interface app for Windows 10/11, removing the vJoy dependency and replacing it with a custom virtual HID device, rewritten in C#/.NET as a background tray app with per-game profiles.

The legacy app is preserved under legacy/ as the behavioral reference. The RIO wire format and input map are documented in PROTOCOL.md.

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Purpose

The cockpits run two native games (Firestorm, Red Planet) that talk to the RIO hardware directly and never use this app. RIOJoy exists to broaden which other games can run in the cockpits: arbitrary games don't know about the cockpit's extra hardware (5 analog axes, 96 lighted buttons, the plasma/VFD display, the labeled wallpaper), so RIOJoy bridges the RIO to whatever input those games do understand — joystick, keyboard, and mouse — and drives the cockpit's outputs on their behalf.

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Target architecture

   ┌─────────────────────── C# / .NET 8 tray app (x64) ───────────────────────┐
   │  Serial (RIO protocol)   →  Input mapper (profile)   →  Output router      │
   │   COM port, 9600 8N1         72 inputs + keypads          ├─ Keyboard/Mouse: SendInput (P/Invoke)
   │   packet parse + ACK/NAK     decode iRIO bitfield         ├─ Joystick: HID report → DeviceIoControl ↓
   │   analog poll + recovery     axis calibration            └─ Lamps: LampRequest back over serial
   │  Plasma/VFD on 2nd COM   ·  Profiles + auto-switch + tray UI + logging      │
   └───────────────────────────────────────────────┬───────────────────────────┘
                                                     │ IOCTL (input report bytes)
   ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────▼──────────────────────────┐
   │  RioGamepad.sys  — KMDF + VHF (vhf.sys) virtual HID device                   │
   │  Report descriptor: X,Y,Z,Rx,Ry,Rz (16-bit) · 1 hat · 96 buttons            │
   │  Control device + custom IOCTL  →  VhfReadReportSubmit()  →  Windows sees    │
   │                                                              a HID gamepad   │
   └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Decisions (confirmed)

• Virtual joystick: custom VHF/UMDF HID driver (full fidelity: 6 axes, 96 buttons, 1 hat — exactly the legacy vJoy layout). Not ViGEm (can't hold 96 buttons).
• Stack: C# / .NET 8 (LTS), x64. Driver is C (WDK), separate toolchain.
• Form: background tray app (NotifyIcon), auto-start with Windows.
• Targets: Windows 10/11 x64 only. The legacy x86 / WinXP targets are dropped.

What ports over vs. what's new

Concern	Legacy	Modern
Serial + RIO protocol	overlapped I/O + watch thread	SerialPort + async loop; faithful port of the packet state machine
Input decode	iRIO[] bitfield + Press_V2	same semantics, ported to C#
Keyboard/mouse	SendInput scancode	SendInput via P/Invoke (≈verbatim)
Joystick	vJoy SetAxis/SetBtn/SetDiscPov	HID report → IOCTL → RioGamepad.sys
Lamps	LampRequest over serial	same
Axis calibration	UpdateJoystick/Throttle/Padal	ported math
Plasma display	CPlasma (COM2)	ported; content per-profile
Config	SimpleIni, single file, hard-coded COM1	profile library (JSON), configurable ports; importer for legacy RIO.ini

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Profiles (the core abstraction)

A profile fully describes how the cockpit behaves for one non-native game. Everything is per-profile, not global:

• Button/keypad mapping (the decoded iRIO table for this game)
• Axis calibration, curves, and invert flags
• Lamp behavior
• Plasma/VFD content (or "off")
• Cockpit overlay labels + the generated wallpaper (Phase 7)
• Display/resolution targets

Profiles never describe the native games — those are the "hands-off" case.

Serial-port yield & the auto-switch state machine

Because the native games own the RIO's COM port directly, RIOJoy must yield it. A process/window watcher drives three states:

Detected running app	RIOJoy behavior
Native game (Firestorm, Red Planet)	Release COM port, go fully dormant — no serial, no HID, no overlay
Supported non-native game	Acquire port, load that game's profile, drive HID / keyboard / mouse / lamps / plasma / wallpaper
Nothing / desktop	Idle — port released or a configurable neutral default

Config therefore holds: the per-game profile library, a list of native games to yield to, and the executable→profile match rules. Manual override from the tray menu is always available.

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Phases

Phase 0 — Repo & scaffold ✅ (this commit)

• git init, remote https://gitea.mysticmachines.com/VWE/riovjoy2.git.
• Legacy C++ moved to legacy/; cockpit art to docs/reference/.
• Solution RioJoy.sln with src/RioJoy.Core (lib) + src/RioJoy.Tray (tray app); driver/ placeholder for the WDK project.
• This plan + PROTOCOL.md.

Phase 1 — Virtual HID driver — test-signed, installed, verified ✅

Implemented in driver/RioGamepad/; builds to RioGamepad.sys against the EWDK (KMDF 1.15 + VHF, x64, warnings-as-errors).

• KMDF + VHF virtual HID gamepad: report descriptor = 6×16-bit axes, 1 hat, 96 buttons (ReportDescriptor.h).
• Device interface + custom IOCTL_RIO_SUBMIT_REPORT → VhfReadReportSubmit; the driver is a thin relay, with the 25-byte report layout pinned in Public.h.
• C# side of the contract: RioJoy.Core.Hid.RioHidReport packs axes/hat/buttons into that exact report (unit-tested). Replaces the throwaway test harness idea.
• Test-signed + pnputil-installed on the cabinet; INF declares vhf as a lower filter (LowerFilters AddReg) — without it VhfCreate fails and the device shows Code 31. The EWDK's in-build catalog/sign tasks are bypassed; the .cat is made with inf2cat/signtool at install time (driver/*.ps1, driver/README.md).
• End-to-end verified: the real HidFeederJoystickSink opens the device and submits reports; axes (min/mid/max), buttons, and the POV hat all read back correctly through winmm joyGetPosEx / joy.cpl. The controller's joy.cpl name is set via the DirectInput OEMName registry value at install (VHF can't supply a HID product string).
• ⏳ Remaining: none for the driver itself; redistribution off owned cabinets would need attestation signing (Phase 6).

Phase 2 — Serial + RIO protocol core (RioJoy.Core) — code-complete ✅

Implemented in src/RioJoy.Core/Protocol + Serial, covered by tests/RioJoy.Core.Tests (xUnit, 54 tests):

• Packet parser/builder: command/length table, 7-bit checksum, control chars, framing resync on a high-bit byte mid-packet (PacketParser, PacketBuilder).
• Typed RIO→PC decodes: AnalogReport (14-bit sign-extend), VersionInfo, CheckStatus; lamp-state composition (RioLampState).
• RioSerialLink: async receive loop with ACK/NAK policy (legacy force-accept vs. opt-in VerifyInboundChecksum), analog poll timer + >5 s reset-recovery.
• IRioTransport abstraction with a SerialPort-backed implementation (9600 8N1, DTR reset pulse); clean COM-port acquire/release = create/dispose the transport (foundation for serial yield). The read loop is tested against an in-memory fake transport.
• ⏳ Remaining: verify against real hardware (version reply, check reply, analog stream) — needs a cabinet; can't be done off-device.

Phase 3 — Input mapping + output routing — code-complete ✅

Implemented in src/RioJoy.Core/Mapping + Output, covered by the Mapping tests (xUnit, 84 tests total):

• RioMapEntry decodes the 16-bit iRIO word (flags + value) and resolves the routing Kind by the legacy precedence (joy+hat+mouse ⇒ RIO command; none ⇒ keyboard; else joy → hat → mouse).
• RioAddress (button + keypad→address offsets) and RioInputMap (112-entry per-profile table) replace the hard-coded iRIO[].
• InputRouter ports Press_V2/Release_V2: modifier ordering, scancode keys, joystick buttons, POV hat, mouse move/click, RIO-command dispatch, and lamp feedback (bright on press / dim on release; RIO commands carry none).
• Output is split behind sink interfaces (IInputSink, IJoystickSink, ILampSink, IRioCommandSink) so routing is pure and unit-tested; SendInputSink is the real SendInput keyboard/mouse adapter.
• The joystick sink's real adapter — the HID feeder → RioGamepad driver via DeviceIoControl (Output/HidFeederJoystickSink) — is implemented, wired in (RioCoordinator selects it when the driver is present, else NullJoystickSink), and verified end-to-end against the installed driver (Phase 1).
• ⏳ Remaining: the legacy default map / RIO.ini becomes an importable profile (Phase 5/7).

Phase 4 — Axis calibration + plasma display — code-complete ✅

Implemented in src/RioJoy.Core/Calibration + Plasma (105 xUnit tests total):

• AxisCalibrator ports UpdateThrottle/UpdatePadal/UpdateJoystick: throttle deadzone + ratchet field, pedal deadzones, X/Y auto-ranging from observed min/max, rudder mixing (enableZR), and all per-axis invert flags. Stateful (start positions, last outputs) like the legacy globals, with the RIOcmd axis resets. Outputs clamp to the documented 0..32766 range.
• IJoystickSink gains SetAxis(JoyAxis, value) so calibrated axes reach the HID feeder; AxisOutputs carries the six values.
• PlasmaCommands ports the CPlasma ESC command set (clear/cursor/font/attr/box draw+fill/text) + GetFontSize + the PlasmaPosText auto-fit/centering; PlasmaDisplay writes them over the secondary COM transport.
• ⏳ Remaining: hardware verification of axis feel + plasma output; the game-specific PlasmaScoreDraw layout is profile content (Phase 5/7).

Phase 5 — Tray app + profiles — code-complete ✅

Core logic in src/RioJoy.Core/Profiles + RioRuntime; UI/OS in src/RioJoy.Tray (123 xUnit tests total):

• RioProfile + AppConfig model; ConfigStore JSON persistence (round-trip tested); RioIniImporter ports the legacy RIO.ini (buttons/inverts/greeting).
• AutoSwitchResolver + AutoSwitchWatcher: the three-state decision (Yield native / Activate profile / Idle) from the foreground executable, native always winning; raises only on change. Pure + tested.
• RioRuntime assembles a profile's live pipeline: serial button/keypad packets → InputRouter; analog replies → AxisCalibrator → the six joystick axes; RIO commands → calibration resets + serial requests + lamp re-init. End-to-end tested over the fake transport.
• Tray: NotifyIcon menu mirroring the legacy console menu (axis resets, version/status, diagnostic toggles, quit) + profile selection (auto vs. manual)
  • "start with Windows"; RioCoordinator owns the serial acquire/release tied to the watcher (native-game COM-port yield); OS adapters (ForegroundProcessProvider, AutoStartManager).
• Joystick output now uses the real HidFeederJoystickSink when the driver is present (verified end-to-end); NullJoystickSink remains only as the no-driver fallback.
• ⏳ Remaining: full on-cabinet verification of the auto-switch + acquire/release lifecycle against real RIO hardware.

Phase 6 — Packaging / signing / deploy

• Driver install via pnputil; app installer; test-signing script.
• Cabinet deployment doc. (Production option: attestation signing.)

Phase 7 — Profile/mapping editor + cockpit overlay generator

Replaces the legacy Google-Sheet → .data → GIMP → Script-Fu pipeline (see docs/reference/customBackground/).

• Mapping editor: per-button UI to set action + label + lamp, no hex bit-twiddling; clone-from-existing profile.
• Overlay generator: render labels into named regions over a base cockpit image using SkiaSharp, porting the auto-fit/justification logic from sg-goobie-MFD.scm; export the per-profile wallpaper and re-apply via SystemParametersInfo.
• Region authoring: extract the label rectangles from riojoy.xcf into a regions.json; in-app box editor for future tweaks.
• The unified profile JSON supersedes both RIO.ini and the Google Sheet, with importers for each.
• To confirm at Phase 7: target wallpaper resolution(s); static wallpaper vs. live overlay (e.g. lit-button highlighting mirroring lamp state).

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Open items / risks

• Driver signing is the main friction point. Test-signing is fine for owned cabinets; redistribution needs attestation signing (EV cert + Partner Center).
• Input injection vs. session: SendInput targets the interactive session — fine for a tray app, which is why a Windows service was rejected.
• Legacy quirks to decide on (see PROTOCOL.md ⚠️ notes): disabled inbound checksum verification; odd mouse-move deltas.